doi: 10.17706/ijapm.2026.16.2.36-42
Blockchain Topology: Percolation Dynamics and the Variance of Consensus
Qurratulain
1,*
,
- 1 Department of Software Engineering, MCS National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 2 Department of Computing, SEECS, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Manuscript received February 25, 2026
- accepted August 6, 2026
- published October 23, 2026
Abstract
This paper investigates the structural robustness of validator interaction networks in the Tezos blockchain ecosystem using percolation theory. Empirical data of Tezos governance proposals are simulated using Erdős–Rényi random graphs and Watts–Strogatz small-world networks topologies. We analyze the emergence of giant connected components and identify empirical critical thresholds using both mean largest component size and variance peak detection. Results demonstrate that governance interaction networks exhibit classical percolation-style phase transitions. Variance peaks act as reliable early-warning indicators of structural instability. Statistical analysis confirms a significant structural dependence. These findings provide a quantitative framework for evaluating coordination feasibility and resilience in decentralized governance systems.
Keywords
- blockchain governance
- percolation theory
- random graph
- small-world network
How to Cite
Qurratulain and Ayesha Maqbool, "Blockchain Topology: Percolation Dynamics and the Variance of Consensus," International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 36-42, 2026. https://doi.org/ 10.17706/ijapm.2026.16.2.36-42
Copyright & License
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).