Abstract—We present the synthesis and characterization of a commercial standard ruthenium dye namely, N3, by cheap and easily prepared starting materials from three synthetic routes: the Grätzel’s protocol and the other two new methods designed in our laboratory, i.e., the one-pot reaction and via the reaction of cymeme complex.

Index Terms—Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), N3, ruthenium complexes dye.

R. Jitchati is with the Center fo r Organic Electronic and Alternative Energy (COEA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani Province, 34190, Thailand (e-mail: rukkiat_j@ hotmail.com).
Y. Thathong and K. Wongkhan are with the Center for Organic Electronic and Alternative Energy (COEA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani Province, 34190, Thailand (e-mail: su_dkhobfa@hotmail.com and kitt_w_2000@yahoo.ie, respectively).

Cite: R. Jitchati, Y. Thathong, and K. Wongkhan, "Three Synthetic Routes to a Commercial N3 Dye," International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics  vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 107-110, 2012.